Born on May 31, 1854, probably in Ashland, Ohio, Mary Fulton was educated at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, and at Hillsdale College, Michigan. She graduated from the latter in 1874, took a master╒s degree in 1877, and for three years taught in public schools in Indianapolis. In 1880 she entered the Woman╒s Medical College of Pennsylvania, and on graduating in 1884 she set out for south China, where her elder brother, a minister, had preceded her. Under the auspices of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions she began her medical practice in Canton. From September 1885 to the spring of 1886 she practiced in Kwai Ping, Kwangsi Province, but intense antiforeign agitation forced her and her brother to abandon that mission and return to Canton. She established two dispensaries there in 1887. While conducting her practice amid tens of thousands needing her services, she taught pediatrics at Canton Hospital, where she also directed the care of women patients. Fund-raising tours of the United States in 1891╨1893 and 1903╨1904 helped build in 1900 and support thereafter a church for her brother, in which she took space for a dispensary, and then in 1902 the David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children. The hospital included a training school for nurses.
Later in 1902 the Hackett Medical College for Women opened, providing a three- (shortly afterward four-) year course for Cantonese-speaking Christian women. Fulton directed these institutions and carried on her own medical practice until ill health forced her to seek less strenuous work in the more moderate climate of Shanghai in 1915. By that year the Hackett Medical College had graduated more than 60 physicians. In Shanghai she made translations into Cantonese of numerous English textbooks on medicine and nursing. She also raised funds to build the Cantonese Union Church of Shanghai to house the congregation she had organized. In 1918 she returned to the United States and settled in Pasadena, California. In her late years she wrote ╥Inasmuch╙ : Extracts from Letters, Journals, Papers, etc., a memoir of her work that also included a strong plea for continued support of missionary work in China. She died in Pasadena on January 7, 1927.
